Mars astronauts could live in houses made of yeast and jello, say scientists

Structures that don't require high-energy heating to build on Mars become possible.

Scientists from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University have developed a low-energy 3D printing method for creating structures on Mars. The technique involves mixing bioengineered yeast and gelatin with simulated Martian dirt. When exposed to the cold, dry Martian atmosphere, this mixture effectively freeze-dries, creating a strong, porous material. This bio-based approach requires significantly less energy than traditional methods of heating regolith for construction. The researchers demonstrated the method by 3D printing small, beehive-shaped structures that exhibited compressive and flexural strengths comparable to low-grade concrete. The material is also designed to be recyclable, provided some yeast cells survive the Martian environment.

This breakthrough offers a more energy-efficient pathway for in-situ resource utilization for extraterrestrial construction, potentially reducing the cost and complexity of Mars missions. The ability to recycle building materials also addresses long-term sustainability concerns for off-world habitats. Researchers are confident in scaling the technology, though further testing is needed to ensure pressure retention for human habitation.

The development signals a shift towards biomaterials and additive manufacturing for space exploration infrastructure. It could influence future mission planning by reducing the payload mass needed for construction materials, making crewed missions more feasible. Attention will now turn to demonstrating the material's ability to withstand Martian atmospheric pressures and radiation.